Shanghai authorities crack down on Halloween celebrations amid fears of social unrest

As Halloween approaches in Shanghai, the city’s streets are seeing fewer costumed partygoers and more law enforcement. Shanghai authorities have deployed an increased police presence, coupled with official warnings against “role-playing” activities. The ban reflects government concerns that the festivities could lead to social unrest in a climate of rising tensions and youth discontent.

Reports and videos circulating online showcase police patrols across Shanghai, especially in crowded areas. Footage depicts police officers urging groups to disperse and barricading popular gathering spots, underscoring the city’s efforts to curb Halloween celebrations. According to a leaked notice from the Huangpu subdistrict office, all forms of Halloween costumes—especially those featuring graphic makeup or “gory” effects—are now prohibited in public spaces. Police have been authorized to ask those dressed in costume to either leave the area or remove prohibited items, with further measures in place for individuals who refuse to comply.

Police Presence and Tensions on Shanghai Streets

The intense police presence has sparked unease among Shanghai residents, with many interpreting it as a defensive move to prevent potential mass protests. Ma, a Shanghai resident who chose not to reveal her full name, highlighted that the government’s strict enforcement appears rooted in fears of spontaneous dissent, particularly among younger populations facing high unemployment.

“The authorities know that ‘a spark can start a prairie fire,’ and given the growing frustrations, they are cautious. They’ve stationed police along Changle Road and Julu Road, possibly to preempt any unusual displays of public dissatisfaction,” Ma explained.

Despite the warnings, groups of young people in Shanghai have attempted to celebrate Halloween, gathering in parks and other public spaces. Videos online depict several costumed individuals being detained by the police, some escorted to administrative buildings where they were instructed to remove makeup and costumes.

Halloween Celebrations as a Form of Expression

Some residents question the necessity of these restrictions, viewing the Halloween celebration as a harmless form of artistic expression. Wang, a resident of Shanghai, disagrees with the heavy policing of costumes. “What harm is there in wearing a costume?” he said. “In a modern society, police should protect people’s safety. Here, the focus seems to be on restricting expression.”

Halloween’s Western origins and recent rise in popularity in China, particularly in Shanghai, have turned the holiday into a subtle way for some residents to express frustration with the political landscape. Last year, residents creatively protested government policies by dressing in symbolic costumes, including references to politically sensitive figures like Winnie the Pooh, a character often censored in China due to perceived resemblances to Chinese President Xi Jinping. Costumes also referenced the 2022 “White Paper Movement” protests, which drew attention to government pandemic restrictions.

Cultural Tensions and Potential for Protest

Independent political analyst Chen Daoyin remarked that Halloween has become an unusual opportunity for Chinese citizens to channel Western-style freedom of expression. “For many young people, Halloween represents a chance to dress up, which itself has a quiet symbolism—an indication of the freedom they see abroad and lack here,” he explained.

Despite the cultural appeal, Halloween’s Western roots may make it vulnerable to state suppression. According to Li Rongwei, executive director of the Taiwan Inspirational Association, “Halloween’s Western nature makes it a prime target for restriction as it does not align with traditional Chinese values promoted by the government.”

This year’s restrictions have reignited debates over free expression in China, with authorities fearing a potential social disruption on par with the 2022 “White Paper Movement.” The anniversary of former Premier Li Keqiang’s passing has fueled online speculation that unrest might surface under the guise of Halloween festivities. However, Chen dismissed these links as speculation, asserting that no significant public movement is likely to emerge without a prominent triggering event.

“Without a major, emotionally charged event, today’s youth are unlikely to instigate any large-scale movement,” Chen said.

Looking Forward

As Halloween approaches, Shanghai’s streets are tense, with law enforcement determined to maintain control over the festivities. Whether or not the crackdown will prevent Halloween celebrations altogether remains uncertain. However, the heightened police presence and official notices serve as a reminder of the fine line between cultural celebration and political expression in Shanghai.

With Halloween becoming increasingly popular in China, Shanghai’s approach may shape the country’s response to similar Western-influenced celebrations in the future.